The blurred effects in this collection are created by using a ND filter. (Neutral Density) This is basically a tinted piece of glass attached to the end of your lens. ND filters range from a slight tint all the way up to super dark glass which you can''t even see through. These filters allow the photographer to open the shutter for extended lengths even in bright sunlight. The effects can be quite dramatic if used properly. I personally use Haida brand filters and accessories. My favourite is the the Haida ND 4.5 super stopper. huge 15 stops!